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Dr. Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander: A Trailblazer in Economics, Law, and Civil Rights

Writer's picture: SRYISRYI

Sadie T.M. Alexander overcame obstacles to become the first black female Ph.D. in economics. (University Archives and Records Center, University of Pennsylvania)
Sadie T.M. Alexander overcame obstacles to become the first black female Ph.D. in economics. (University Archives and Records Center, University of Pennsylvania)

A Historic First: Breaking Barriers in Economics

Born on January 2, 1898, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Dr. Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander grew up in a family that valued education and resilience. In 1921, she shattered barriers by becoming the first African American woman in the United States to earn a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Pennsylvania. Her dissertation, The Standard of Living Among One Hundred Negro Migrant Families in Philadelphia, illuminated the economic struggles of Black families migrating from the South, showcasing her commitment to addressing social and economic inequalities.


Overcoming Discrimination: Pioneering in Law

Despite her groundbreaking achievement in economics, racial discrimination barred Dr. Alexander from securing work in her field. Refusing to be deterred, she turned her attention to law. In 1927, she graduated from the University of Pennsylvania Law School, becoming the first African American woman to earn a law degree from the institution. That same year, she passed the Pennsylvania bar, becoming the first Black woman to practice law in the state.

Alexander upon receiving her PhD
Alexander upon receiving her PhD

A Champion for Civil Rights and Justice

Dr. Alexander's legal career focused on combating racial and economic injustice. Her expertise in civil rights and labor law established her as a formidable advocate for marginalized communities. She served as a member of President Harry S. Truman's Committee on Civil Rights in 1946, contributing to the influential report To Secure These Rights, which became a cornerstone of the modern civil rights movement.


Civic Leadership: Strengthening Communities

A dedicated civic leader, Dr. Alexander helped shape Philadelphia’s progress as a founding member of the Commission on Human Relations. She was also the first national president of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc., where she advanced initiatives to empower Black women and advocate for social change.


An Enduring Legacy

Dr. Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander’s groundbreaking achievements in academia, law, and civil rights remain a testament to her unwavering determination. She passed away on November 1, 1989, leaving behind a legacy of courage, excellence, and service. Her life’s work continues to inspire future generations to pursue justice and equality with unyielding resolve.

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